Researchers, including those of Indian-origin, are creating biodegradable electronics by using organic components in screen displays, which could one day help reduce electronic waste in the world’s landfills.

Americans, on average, replace their mobile phones every 22 months, junking more than 150 million phones a year in the process, researchers said.

When it comes to recycling and processing all of this electronic waste, the WHO reports that even low exposure to the electronic elements can cause significant health risks.

“Current mobile phones and electronics are not biodegradable and create significant waste when they’re disposed,” said Suchismita Guha, professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Missouri’s College of Arts and Science.

“This discovery creates the first biodegradable active layer in organic electronics, meaning – in principle – we can eventually achieve full biodegradability,” said Guha.

Guha, along with graduate student Soma Khanra, collaborated with a team from the Federal University of ABC (UFABC) in Brazil to develop organic structures that could be used to light handheld device screens.

Using peptides, or proteins, researchers were able to demonstrate that these tiny structures, when combined with a blue light-emitting polymer, could successfully be used in displays.
“These peptides can self-assemble into beautiful nanostructures or nanotubes, and, for us, the main goal has been to use these nanotubes as templates for other materials,” Guha said.

“By combining organic semiconductors with nanomaterials, we were able to create the blue light needed for a display,” she said.

“However, in order to make a workable screen for your mobile phone or other displays, we’ll need to show similar success with red and green light-emitting polymers,” she said.

The scientists also discovered that by using peptide nanostructures they were able to use less of the polymer.

Using less to create the same blue light means that the nanocomposites achieve almost 85 per cent biodegradability.

“By using peptide nanostructures, which are 100 per cent biodegradable, to create the template for the active layer for the polymers, we are able to understand how electronics themselves can be more biodegradable,” Guha said.

“This research is the first step and the first demonstration of using such biology to improve electronics,” she said.

The study was published in the journal Advanced Materials Interfaces.